{"id":4446,"date":"2023-10-23T17:56:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T17:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/?p=4446"},"modified":"2025-04-16T14:58:24","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T12:58:24","slug":"diversity-of-beauty-standards-among-arab-women-a-cultural-exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/en\/arabian-en\/diversity-of-beauty-standards-among-arab-women-a-cultural-exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Diversity of beauty standards among Arab women: a cultural exploration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>notion <\/b><b>of <\/b><b>beauty <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">has <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">always <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">been <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>closely <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">linked <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>to <\/b><b>the <\/b><b>culture <\/b><b>and <\/b><b>society <\/b><b>in <\/b><b>which <\/b><b>it <\/b><b>emerges <\/b><b>. <\/b><b>In the context of Arab women, the diversity <\/b><b>of <\/b><b>beauty standards <\/b><b>reflects <\/b><b>a rich and complex history, marked <\/b><b>by <\/b><b>the influence of different <\/b><b>civilizations <\/b><b>, customs and religious beliefs.<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4068 size-full\" title=\"standard-beauty-arab-women-xlovecam-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gettyimages-1140120696.jpg\" alt=\"standard-beauty-arab-women-xlovecam-2\" width=\"724\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gettyimages-1140120696.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gettyimages-1140120696-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/gettyimages-1140120696-360x240.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">There is not one model of an Arab woman. Each country has its criteria when it comes to \u201celecting\u201d the most beautiful woman, the one who will fantasize as many men as possible. Although we find common points for many, they nevertheless have small preferred details that make all the difference. But to understand these small details, you also need to understand the culture and history of these countries. I therefore suggest that you explore the multiple facets of beauty standards among Arab women, highlighting both the similarities and differences that characterize this cultural diversity. And then\u2026 It\u2019s up to you to see what the destination of your next trip will be!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The historical and cultural roots that <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">created <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>beauty <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">standards<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Beauty standards within Arab societies have their origins in distant times, when commercial and cultural crossroads allowed the exchange of ideas and customs between East and West. The influence of ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece and Persia left an indelible mark on the perception of beauty in Arabia. Physical features such as almond-shaped eyes, fine features, and luminous skin have been historically valued. Light skin and a thin waist are always popular, even if the volume of the curves sometimes varies depending on the period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Religion and modesty<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Islam, the predominant religion in Arab countries, has also had a major influence on beauty standards. Modesty is a fundamental tenet of the Islamic faith, which has led to an appreciation of inner beauty and modesty in the expression of outer beauty. Arab women have thus adopted clothing and makeup styles that respect these religious values, emphasizing elegance and modesty. Which did not prevent, at a certain time, women from dressing like in Europe. We will think in particular of Iran or Pakistan in the 60s and 80s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4069\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/c2c03354ecb3651d001eda419f.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/c2c03354ecb3651d001eda419f.jpg.webp 728w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/c2c03354ecb3651d001eda419f.jpg-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/c2c03354ecb3651d001eda419f.jpg-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/c2c03354ecb3651d001eda419f.jpg-360x361.webp 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>regional <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">diversity <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>which <\/b><b>explains <\/b><b>the <\/b><b>multitude <\/b><b>of <\/b><b>aesthetic <\/b><b>criteria <\/b><b>_<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Geographic diversity within the Arab world has given rise to a diverse range of beauty standards. Skin tones ranging from ivory to olive to darker tones coexist harmoniously. For example, women in the Maghreb often have distinct features, such as expressive black eyes and dark hair, while women in the Persian Gulf may emphasize lighter shades and more delicate features.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">evolution <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">of <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">media <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>and <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">globalization<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">With the advent of social media and globalization, Arab beauty standards began to open up to a greater diversity of influences. Modern Arab celebrities and models are gaining visibility and redefining aesthetic standards, advocating self-acceptance and celebrating diversity. Arab women are increasingly encouraged to embrace their natural features and express their individuality. Like <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/en\/que-devient-mia-khalifa\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Mia Khalifa<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>Beauty <\/b><b>traditions <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">that <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">remain <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>anchored <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">despite <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">time<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Despite these developments, it is important to note that certain beauty traditions remain anchored in Arab culture. Using natural products such as argan oil and kohl to beautify the eyes remains a popular practice. Likewise, skincare rituals using traditional ingredients continue to play an essential role in Arab women\u2019s beauty routines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4070\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/b22b365a48acadcf51c96e3ec9.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/b22b365a48acadcf51c96e3ec9.jpg.webp 728w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/b22b365a48acadcf51c96e3ec9.jpg-293x300.webp 293w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/b22b365a48acadcf51c96e3ec9.jpg-360x369.webp 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Beauty <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>criteria <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">common <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">to <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">all<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Despite this rich diversity, there are standards that remain common to all. Here are a few :<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Skin tone<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In some regions, bright, glowing skin is often considered a beauty attribute. Some also do everything to make it as clear as possible, despite their health. However, this can vary from region to region, with preferences for skin tones ranging from light to dark.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The hair<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Shiny, thick and well-groomed hair is generally associated with beauty. Hairstyles can vary from long, straight hair to natural curls. We can sometimes admire very beautiful hairstyles for important ceremonies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Facial features<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Facial features, such as almond-shaped eyes, well-defined eyebrows and full lips, are often emphasized. However, remember that diversity of facial features is valued and many Arab men find beauty in a variety of features. It takes everything to make a world, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The dress code<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Modesty and elegance are often preferred when it comes to clothing style. Women who wear traditional clothing such as the abaya, kaftan or djellaba may be seen as retaining and honoring cultural values.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Self-confidence<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Confidence and self-confidence are attractive attributes in all cultures. A woman who is comfortable in her own skin and exudes a positive attitude may be considered beautiful by many men.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Beauty <\/span><\/b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><b>criteria <\/b><b>according <\/b><b>to Arab <\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">countries<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">If there are traits common to Arab countries, each one likes a little different detail, as I told you above. Here is a general overview of the beauty criteria specific to certain Arab countries. However, remember that these criteria may vary from region to region and that the diversity of individual tastes is always present. It takes all tastes !<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4071\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/266075_w985h554c1cx494cy293.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"985\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/266075_w985h554c1cx494cy293.jpg 985w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/266075_w985h554c1cx494cy293-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/266075_w985h554c1cx494cy293-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/266075_w985h554c1cx494cy293-360x202.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Egypt <\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Almond-shaped eyes with long, thick eyelashes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Clear complexion and luminous skin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Well defined and arched eyebrows.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Straight and fine nose.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Lebanon<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Fine and delicate lines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pale or slightly tanned complexion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Long, neat hair.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Full, well-defined lips.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Morocco<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dark, expressive eyes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Golden or olive skin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Thick, curly hair.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Traditional use of kohl to highlight the eyes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Persian Gulf ( United Arab <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Emirates <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">, <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bahrain <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">, <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Oman)<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Delicate and elegant features.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Clear complexion and flawless skin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Subtle makeup with an emphasis on the eyes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Use of abaya and shayla for characteristic elegance and modesty.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tunisia<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bright and slightly golden complexion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dark and often long hair.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Expressive eyes and captivating gaze.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Well-balanced facial features.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Jordan<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Balanced and harmonious features.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Fair or lightly tanned skin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Warm and welcoming smile.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Neat and well-maintained hairstyle.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Y <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00e9 <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">men<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dark, haunting eyes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tanned and natural complexion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Traditional use of jewelry and accessories.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Unique hairstyles and ornaments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">And in the world\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4072\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10128436.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"598\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10128436.jpg.webp 598w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10128436.jpg-218x300.webp 218w, https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10128436.jpg-360x496.webp 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">There you go, now you perhaps understand a little better the beauty that hides in every Arab woman. The diversity of beauty standards among Arab women reflects a rich and dynamic culture that draws on its historical roots while adapting to contemporary developments. While the notion of beauty continues to evolve, one thing remains certain: the beauty of Arab women transcends clich\u00e9s to embrace an infinitely varied palette of colors, features and expressions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u201cXLoveCam is not responsible for blog content that is claimed <\/span><\/i><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><i>to <\/i><\/span><i><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">be <\/span><\/i><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><i>written <\/i><i>by <\/i><i>an <\/i><i>external party.\u201d<\/i><\/span><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The notion of beauty has always been closely linked to the culture and society in which it emerges . In the context of Arab women, the diversity of beau&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Diversity of beauty standards among Arab women | XloveCam","_seopress_titles_desc":"Among Arab women, the diversity of beauty standards reflects a rich and complex history, marked by the influence of various civilizations.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[539],"tags":[7637,543,7631,7633,6578,7635,5951,5957],"class_list":{"0":"post-4446","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arabian-en","8":"tag-arab-countries","9":"tag-arab-woman","10":"tag-beauty","11":"tag-beauty-criteria","12":"tag-charm","13":"tag-diversity","14":"tag-seduction-3","15":"tag-xlovecam-2"},"lang":"en","translations":{"en":4446,"fr":4066,"es":6625,"it":6637,"nl":6648,"pt":6658,"de":6669},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/voici-quoi-devait-ressembler-corps-parfait-pour-une-femme-travers-les-ages-coucou-les-diktas.webp","pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4446"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4446\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33376,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4446\/revisions\/33376"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xlovecam.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}